: Small Modular and Advanced Nuclear Reactors: A Reality Check
긮Ƽ ÷ƴ M.V.Ramana ѱŻٿȸ Ұմϴ~
https://kpostnuclear.org/2021/08/01/%eb%b2%88%ec%97%ad%ea%b8%80-%ec%86%8c%ed%98%95%eb%aa%a8%eb%93%88%ed%98%95-%eb%b0%8f-%ec%b2%a8%eb%8b%a8-%ec%9b%90%ec%9e%90%eb%a1%9c-small-modular-and-advanced-nuclear-reactors-a-reality-check-i/
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ڷ 1996 17.5% 2019 10% پ 4ݼ ߿伺 ִ. ÷ ڷδ ڷ Ͽ Ư , , ź , ذϴ ̷ ȵǾ. ̷ ο ڷ 谡 ذ ִ ߾ Ѵ. ÷ ڷ 谡 ̷ 谡 ȭDZ ɸ ִ ɼ ϰ Ѵ. 뷮 Ǽ ڷ ᰡ 忡 Ѵ. , ڷθ Ͽ ִ κ ϰ, ʸ Ͽ ̷ 뷮 ϴ ϴٴ Ѵ. ̾, ο ڷ ҿ ־ ڸ âϰ ִٴ ȣڵ ϴ Ѵ. , ο 鿡 ̷ ű äϿ Ҹ Ǽϴ ȭϱ ϴٴ ϽѴ.
Ǵ ÷ܿڷ ߿ Դ. IAEA(ڷ±ⱸ) ݳ ϴ (SMR) 72 踦 ҰϿ. SMR ϰ Ϸ ־ ״ ߴ. SMR ߷ڵ SMR ڷ ذϿ ̷ ̶ ϰ ִ. ϴ Ͱ Ư¡ SMR ϰ 忡 ϴٰ Ѵ.
ο ſ ߿ Z Ѵ. ڷ ȭ SMR ڿ Ѵ. ̾ ̷ ο SMR Ѵ. , Ͽ ȣϴ ٸ £ 캻. ̷ ڷο .
, ó
SMR ÷ ڷ ߴ 1996 ڷ 17.5% ϴ 2019 10% ϰ . ֿ ̴.
2003 MIT ó ڷ ̻ Z . ǥϿ. ڷ 輺, 缺 , ٹ 輺 ߴ. ̷ ڷ¿ 2005 EPA ̱ ڷ Ҹ ñ⸦ Ϸ ̷ ̾.
ڷ Ǿ Ȱ, 2012 濡 ̱ ū ڷ ȸ Exelon ȸ CEO John Rowe ݱ ʾҴ ڷ . ο ̻ մ ʴ. ߴ. Rowe ̶ ̱ ƿ 콺 ijѶ̳ ÷ ڷ(AP1000) Ѵ.
ó 140 , 290 Ǽ ҿ ̴. Ǽ ۵Ǿ ù ° ڷδ 2016 ° ڷδ 2017 ˾Ҵµ 2021 2 ͵ ϰ ִ.
콺 ijѶ̳ Ǵٸ Ǽ 90 ̹ 2017 ᱹ ߴϿ. . κ ڷ 迡 å ִ Westinghouse ᱹ Ļ û ϰ Ǿ.
ǼⰣ ȭ ٸ . Flamanville 3 Ʈ ȹ 10̳ Ǵ ٶ ó 33 ߴ Ǽ 124 η Ͽ. þ Leningrad NPP-2 Ǽ 1330 2440 ( 80 ) ߴ. ε Koodankulam ڷδ 2010 Ǽ 1317 ǿ 2246 (35 ) ǰ ִ.
, Ư ߱, Ǽ ϰ ִ. κ ó ȹ Ǽ ϰ , ̷ ̴. ӵǴ Ǽ ڷ¹ ϱ ٴ ٸ å ̸ κ ¾翡 dz¿ ߿ ġϰ ִ. ڷ ʿϴٸ װ ο ڷο Ѵ. (SMR) Ǵ ÷ ڷΰ ڷ 忡 ִ.
SMR() Ǵ ÷ ڷ
м е ˾ . ڷ, ڷ, ÷ ڷΰ Ư 踦 Ű ƴϸ ٸ ̿ ġ κ ִ. ⼭ ο ٸ 踦 , ǰ ְų ϼ ǹϴ ƴ϶ ̴.
SMR( ) ⡱̶ ̸ ü Ư¡ Ÿ ִ. ÷ ڷΡ ټ ȣϴ. Ģ ڷδ ÷̶ ֱ ̴. ó Ǽ ڷε ÷ ߴ 1980, 1990 Ŀ ̴. ư ڷδ ÷ ڷγ SMR ֿ ϳ Ǵ Ե ִ. Xe-100 ڷδ IAEA(ڷ±ⱸ) Ͽ SMR Ǿ ̱ (Department of Energy)κ 2020 8õ ÷ Ҵ.
2000 ʹ, 4 ٿ ýۿ , , Ӱɼ, Ȯ Ѽ о߿ ִ . 4 ڷδ ͵ ְ ū ͵ ִ. ڷ ũ 4 ٿ ý Ư SMR ÷ ڷο Ǿ.
̹ ǿ ִ Ư¡ غ̴. ο ٿ 2000 κп ۵Ǿ. ȭ ǥ 2020~2030 ̷ Ͽ. ǥ Ȱ, 2045 ο ǥ Ͽ.
ǥ ̷ ο ý ʿ ذ ʾƼ, ̸ ÷ ڷΡ 谡 ҿ ¿ ̴. 2015 ڷ IRSN ڷ 踦 SFR(Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor) ý۸ ϰ 21 ݱ ȿ 4 ڷο ȣȯ Ǵ ؿ ̸ٰ GIF(4 ڷ ) ȴ. ǥ ʿϴ.
21 ݱ ĺȭ ߿ εǰ ִ. IPCC(ĺȭ ΰ г) ȯⱸ ĺȭ ذϱ Ͽ ſ ߽ ϰ ִ. ݱ ϰ 4 SFR ϰ ϸ .
ٽ SMR ư . ̸ ֵ, SMR ݱ ڷο 300ްƮ Ϸ Ǿ ڷ Ѵ. ̶ 쿡 ū ڷθ ϴ ڷη üѴٴ ǰ ִ. ̶ ٸ ǹ̴ ū ڷθ Ǽϴ ſ 忡 ǰ ڷθ Ѵٴ ̴.
Small Modular ڷ Ư¡ Ÿ ̴. پ , , ð ִ. ΰ پ Ŀ ũⰡ ȴ.
ҿ ȿ
ڷδ ڵ ˰ ִ Ը Ǵ δ. ڷθ ũ Ҽ ްƮ . ̰ 0.6 ٸ ں õ п ־ Ϲ Ģ ݿѴ. ij ǿ 0.6 0.55 ϴµ, ٸ ٸ ϱ Ѵ. 1 ̶ ʴ´. Ը S1, S2 ̰ ں K1, K2 ̸ μ 0.6 ϸ 谡 Ѵ.
ٸ ϴٸ 200ްƮ ɷ SMR 1000ްƮ Ǽϴµ 40% ʿ Ѵ. 20% Ѵ. Ƿ 200 ްƮ SMR ްƮ ϴ 1000ްƮ 忡 ؼ 谡 . SMR(ڷ) Ը Ģ Ǿ ū ڷο ްƮ . ̷ ε ڷδ ۿ .
÷ ڷδ ڷο 谡 ٸ Ը Ģ ʴ´ٰ ϴ ִ. , Ը ս Ѵٴ Ϲ Ģ ڷο ؼ ȿϴٰ .
ư ̿ ǿ ϰ Ǵ Ͱ ִ. ù ° ο Ŀ ϱ Ǽ Ⱓ ġ и ʾƼ, ο ϴ ڴ ʱ Ĺڿ ؼ ξ ̶ ̴. ° ο ǰ ۵ϵ ý Ͽ ؾ ϹǷ ƹ ̴. Ը ֱ ؼ . NuScale SMR ߿ ̱ δ 3.14 鿴 2020 3 ü 9.57 . Ǽ ؼ ߰ 5£ 7 ̴. ü 15 鿩 Ϲ ڷ ڷθ Ͽ.
÷ ڷο SMR ڵ鿡 ǰ ִ Ϻ Ǽ εDZ ξ ̴. ϰ ̴ ̴. ڼ ʾ , ڷ ̶ 迡 ûϴ ̴.
н ΰ?
ڷ(SMR) ڵ ο ڷθ ϴ н, 뷮 Ը Ģ ִٰ Ѵ. ⼭ н̶ ڷ Ǽ þ鼭 Ų. н 귮 Ͼ % ȭȴ.
SMR н Ѵ. н 츮 ˰ ִ°? 21 ī ̱ ڷ ̷ н 3~10% ̶ ִ. н ִ 10% Ѵٰ ص ٸ ϸ ̴.
ư ڷ ῡ ϴ ᰡ ҷ SMR õ ؾ ȴ. ó SMR 䰡 ʴ. ü ٸ ϰ, ڷ¹ҿ ؼ SMR . SMR 뿡 н ȿ Ը Ұ ʴ.
SMR н ȿ ӵDZ ؼ 뷮 Ǽ ΰ ǥع ʿ . ռ ٿ , 뷫 70 ߵǰ ִ ̴. ϰ ǥ ϴ .
ڷ , ݵ ڷΰ Ǽǰ ִ. SMR ÷ ڷδ پ ְ ƴ ô ϰ ִ. پϸ ǥȭ ʴ´.
ҿ ̴. , ڷ ̳ʽ н ϴ. ū ڷθ , ̱ ߿ ڷΰ ͺ . ̷ ȴٸ ڷδ 鿡 ڷ Ǽ ̴.
Ǽ Ǵ°?
տ ߵ, SMR ڴ Ǽ ߿伺 Ѵ. ̱ ڷ ǰ ٸ 忡 Ͽ ϸ پ ̴. ̰ ó ü, Ǽ ̴. ڷ Ǽ ѵ ̷ , Ư Westinghouse , õ Ǿ.
Westinghouse ī ȭ AP1000 ڷθ ϸ鼭 ̷ Ͽ, ڷδ Ǽ Ͽ. ̱ ߱ AP1000 ڷ Ǽ , ٸ о߿ʹ ణ , ־. ſ ߿ϰԵ, ڷδ ʱ ָ ߴ. ȸ ȸ Vogtle ϴ 籹 Wall Street Journal ۿ Ǽ ȸ簡 ذå ߴ. ߴ.
Ǽ ڷ ϴ ߿ ôμ ۿ ϴ Ǽ Ⱓ̴. ڷθ Ǽϴµ ɸ ð 뷫 10̴. ڷ ڵ ð ξ ִٰ Ѵ. 2014 Westinghouse åڴ AP1000 ù Ḧ ž 36 ɷ ð ִ١ ߴ. ߱ Haiyang Ǽ ۺ ȭDZ 9 ɷȴ. Ǽ ߴ ͺ ξ ߴ. ̱ Ǽ AP1000 ڷδ ǰ ִ.
AP1000 ڷΰ ʴ ƴϴ. ڷ Ǽ ð ª ־ Դ. Ǽ 180 ߿ 175 ʱ 꿡 117% ʰߴٴ ִ. Ǽ Ⱓ 64% ʰϿ. Ǽ ä AP1000 ڷδ ̷ Ͽ ܰ ִٴ ΰ? AP1000 ڷδ ̷ ʸ ߰ ̴.
ڷ ð ʰ ް ִ. ȹ þ KLT-40S ó ߴ 4 Ⱓ ɷȴ. 2006 ó Ǽ Ⱓ 3 δ 12 Ѱ ɷȴ. 4質 . KLT-40S ִ ̻ .
SMR ÷ ڷο Ͽ ɸ, ڵ å Ծڵ ̲ ٸ . 忡 ̵鿡 캸.
÷ ڷδ ȹ â Ѱ?
ΰ SMR ؾ ϴ ϰ Ǵ ϳ SMR ڰ â ̲ٴ ̴. SMR â ϴ ̴.
â ̴. ¥ ݾ ٸ SMR â Ĵ ̴.
SMR ġ ŭ ǹ ִ ° ʾƼ Ȯ Ͱ Ǵ ¾翡 dz¿ â ɷºٴ Ȯ .
÷ ڷο âǴ ڿ ġ ſ Ͽϴ. ̴µ ǥ ΰ ִ. ֳϸ ڷ ַ ̱ ̴. ڷ ڵȭϰų ּ ηθ ϴ ǥ Ѵ. Ƿ ٸ 꿡 ־ η ҿ䰡 ȴ.
ݴ, ڷ η ӱ ڷ . ̱ Oklo ڷ ڴ 1.5 MW 뿡 ؼ η ִ, 15 ð ϰ Ǵ ڸ ߴ. ʾҴ. ̱ 뵿û ڷῡ , 2019 η 85,950 ̾. (120,000 Ѵ õ ڷ ƴ ó Ի ӱ ָ϶.) Ҹ Ͽ Oklo ڷο ⸦ 90% ްƮ ð 109 ̴. װ 䳪 · ȭ 귮 ȭ ִٴ Ͽ ̴. ٽ ؼ ڷο ں 0 ̶ ĵ Oklo ڷο ⸦ ϴ ¾翡 dz¿ 3谡 ȴ. ̰ 븸 ̸ й迡 ؾ ü ִ.
¾ dz¿ ̹Ƿ Oklo ڷΰ Ǽ ̸ ̴. ̷ ū ̴ ¾ dz¿ Ŀ ϰ ϴ Ѵ ص ξ ȴ. Ͽ Oklo ڷθ ǼϷ ᱹ κ ۿ . ֻ Ұ ڷιۿ Ǽ ̰ ȿ ̹ ̴.
SMR
ȭ 귮 ϴ ɷ (Load Following)̴. SMR ȣڵ SMR ó ð ϴٰ Ѵ. dz̳ ¾翡 ü 귮 ȭ ū SMR ü 绡 ó ִٰ Ѵ. ɷ ܵ ܵ SMR ġϴ ū ش.
ִ , ϴٰ ص Ѱ谡 Դ. , ߰ ٽ ϸ ⷮ ȭŰ ٸ Ŀ ڷ , Ư ð ڷο, ξ ư ִ.
ްϰ µ ȭ ٿ ݼ ܰ ȣۿ ð ܰ ıŰ ִ. Ƿ µ ȭ ڷ ̰ ų ִ.
̷ ڷ ڴ Ư ֵ Ѵ. ٱδ 1 1~5ۼƮ Ѵ. 1 3~5% Ϸ 50~100% ̿ ϵ Ǿִ. 귮 ϴ dz̳ ¾翡 ȭ ŭ ȯ Ұϱ ̴.
ϴٰ ص δ ڷ . ڷ Ҵ ſ . Ƿ ڱݾ ̱ ؼ ɷ ִ Ͽ ؼ Ѵ. , ȭ¹̳ ʱ ں 䰡 ְ Ǵ . 忡 ڷθ ϴ ̿ ߴ ǰ ̷ ϸ ᰡ Ѵ.
带 ȰϿ ٸ ɿ յ ڷ¹ м ϴ 90~95% ̿ . ̿ Ѵٸ ð ųοƮ 꿡 Ƿ ü ̴. NuScale SMR ̿ 95% 75% پٸ 20% ö ̴. SMR ټ ٴ غ , ¼ űμ äõDZ ̴.
ڷ ȣڵ ⸦ ϴµ ̿ ȭ Ǵ ٸ ȴٰ Ѵ. ϴ 鿡 ȵDZ Ѵ. κ SMR ־, Ҵ ɿ , ⸦ ̿Ͽ ϸ鼭 .
ū ɿ ϶ϰ ִ ݸ, ٿ(Ư SMR) û ϴ ̴. ξϸ ¾翡 dz¿ ؼ ߰ 뵵 뵵 ݸ Ѱ ο ٰ ִ. ð ʴ SMR̳ ÷ ڷδ ظ ȿ ̿ . ռ ٿ μ ̻ ǹִ м ϴ Ұϰ غ Ǿ ʴ.
SMR ɰ ɼ ߰ ̸ Ȯ ϰ ֳ?
SMR ȣڵ SMR ÷ ڷΰ Ű ̸ Ȯ ϴٰ Ѵ. 츮 Ǽ ϱ , SMR ÷ ڷε鵵 ǥ οʹ ణ ٸ ص ̷ ִٴ ؾ Ѵ. Ƿ SMR̳ ÷ ڷθ Ǽ ùε ̷ 迡 ִ.
SMR ÷ ڷδ 谡 ֱ ϹȭϿ ϱ ƴ. ڷ ٰ SMR ̴ ϴ. ݸ鿡 ٰ SMR ´. δ ο ϸ Ȯ 輺 .
( ڷ SMR SMR ̴ ̴. ڴ Ҹ ִȭ Ű ݸ ڴ Ҹ ּȭ Ų. ڷ Ը Ҹ δ. ֳϸ ū ο δ ߽ɺθ ϴ ڰ ̴.)
絵 մ Ǵ ƴϴ. Ĺ ũ Ѵ. ٰ ӿڷο ٸ SMR νļ ȭ ܵ Ǵ ִ. Ƿ ٸ SMR ٷ ǰ Ŀ ó ʿϴ. SMR ÷ ڷδ ó ʿ ÷䴽 ᰡ ȴ. ٿḦ óϴ ִ.
迡 ڸ, ٸ ϴٸ ڷΰ ϴ. ֳĸ Ǵ ̴. . ڷδ Ϲ ݽü ̿Ͽ ߱ Ͽ ҿ ڷθ ǼϷ Ѵ. , NuScale Ҹ 12 ڷθ Ǽ ϰ ִ. ҿ ڷθ ǹ ٸ ų ٸ ǹ ̸ ġ ϴ ư ü Ų. ̴ ڷο ġ Ϲ Ѵٸ ÿ ų ɼ ִ. ڷθ ÷ ڷ ڷο ϴ ɰ ȴ.
Ϲȭ ڸ, SMR Ư¡ ÿ ذ ٴ ̴. ü ڸ, SMR ÷ ڷδ ϳ ذ ̸, 迡 ϳ ذϸ ٸ ϳ ٴ ̴. ̴ ִٸ 輺 Ŀ ȴ.
SMR ϳ?
ݱ SMR ϴ. þƿ ߵ KLT-40S, ߱ HTR-PM, ѱ SMART ã ϰ ִ. ̱ NuScale ڷ õ ù ° SMR Ʈ û ȸ Բ ̶ ϰ ִ. ߵ SMR Ϸ . 丣, , εþ SMR ŷϿ ʾҴ.
ȸ ָ ٸ ¸ ſ Ұ ⸦ ϴ ź ƴ̶ ſ ̴. ´ ó Ǹ ʴ SMR ڰ ڷθ Ѵٰ . ī ̷ ʿ ϴµ, ѷ SMR ڷθ Ǽϴ ּ 亸 ξ ǸǾ. Դٰ Ͽ ⸦ ִ.
ƴ, ڷ ̾ , Ǵ ߵ SMR ÷ ڷ Ǽ 䰡 ̰ ֿ ȴ. SMR ڴ ڴ Ը ū ־ Ǽ Ѵ. ߴ. ٸ SMR ȹ ΰ ް ΰ Ѵ. ٸ Ը ̴.
Ǵ ÷ ڷΰ ڷ ̶ DZ δ. ÷ ڷ ȭDZ غ ó δ. ڷδ 귮 ϴ ƴϱ ڷκ ϴ. SMR , , ȭ ص ÷ ڷδ 鿡 ʴ. ȣڵ Ǫ ٸ ɼ ϰ ִ.
SMR ڵ ڷ ȭ ϴ ư Ǿ. ̷ ó Ư ó ϴ ϰ ν̷ Ͽ δ.
, 䰡 SMR ÷ ڷθ 뷮 å ʴ. ̷ ̸ ľ Economist 21Ⱑ ۵Ǵ Ͽ. ʱ ٹ ڷ ʹ μ 跮ϱⰡ ƴٰ δ ʹ μ 跮 ٰ .
: ̻( , ȯ)
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Small Modular and Advanced Nuclear Reactor: A Reality Check
긮Ƽ ÷ƴ M.V.Ramana ѱŻٿȸ Ұմϴ~
https://kpostnuclear.org/2021/08/01/%eb%b2%88%ec%97%ad%ea%b8%80-%ec%86%8c%ed%98%95%eb%aa%a8%eb%93%88%ed%98%95-%eb%b0%8f-%ec%b2%a8%eb%8b%a8-%ec%9b%90%ec%9e%90%eb%a1%9c-small-modular-and-advanced-nuclear-reactors-a-reality-check-i/
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ڷ 1996 17.5% 2019 10% پ 4ݼ ߿伺 ִ. ÷ ڷδ ڷ Ͽ Ư , , ź , ذϴ ̷ ȵǾ. ̷ ο ڷ 谡 ذ ִ ߾ Ѵ. ÷ ڷ 谡 ̷ 谡 ȭDZ ɸ ִ ɼ ϰ Ѵ. 뷮 Ǽ ڷ ᰡ 忡 Ѵ. , ڷθ Ͽ ִ κ ϰ, ʸ Ͽ ̷ 뷮 ϴ ϴٴ Ѵ. ̾, ο ڷ ҿ ־ ڸ âϰ ִٴ ȣڵ ϴ Ѵ. , ο 鿡 ̷ ű äϿ Ҹ Ǽϴ ȭϱ ϴٴ ϽѴ.
Ǵ ÷ܿڷ ߿ Դ. IAEA(ڷ±ⱸ) ݳ ϴ (SMR) 72 踦 ҰϿ. SMR ϰ Ϸ ־ ״ ߴ. SMR ߷ڵ SMR ڷ ذϿ ̷ ̶ ϰ ִ. ϴ Ͱ Ư¡ SMR ϰ 忡 ϴٰ Ѵ.
ο ſ ߿ Z Ѵ. ڷ ȭ SMR ڿ Ѵ. ̾ ̷ ο SMR Ѵ. , Ͽ ȣϴ ٸ £ 캻. ̷ ڷο .
, ó
SMR ÷ ڷ ߴ 1996 ڷ 17.5% ϴ 2019 10% ϰ . ֿ ̴.
2003 MIT ó ڷ ̻ Z . ǥϿ. ڷ 輺, 缺 , ٹ 輺 ߴ. ̷ ڷ¿ 2005 EPA ̱ ڷ Ҹ ñ⸦ Ϸ ̷ ̾.
ڷ Ǿ Ȱ, 2012 濡 ̱ ū ڷ ȸ Exelon ȸ CEO John Rowe ݱ ʾҴ ڷ . ο ̻ մ ʴ. ߴ. Rowe ̶ ̱ ƿ 콺 ijѶ̳ ÷ ڷ(AP1000) Ѵ.
ó 140 , 290 Ǽ ҿ ̴. Ǽ ۵Ǿ ù ° ڷδ 2016 ° ڷδ 2017 ˾Ҵµ 2021 2 ͵ ϰ ִ.
콺 ijѶ̳ Ǵٸ Ǽ 90 ̹ 2017 ᱹ ߴϿ. . κ ڷ 迡 å ִ Westinghouse ᱹ Ļ û ϰ Ǿ.
ǼⰣ ȭ ٸ . Flamanville 3 Ʈ ȹ 10̳ Ǵ ٶ ó 33 ߴ Ǽ 124 η Ͽ. þ Leningrad NPP-2 Ǽ 1330 2440 ( 80 ) ߴ. ε Koodankulam ڷδ 2010 Ǽ 1317 ǿ 2246 (35 ) ǰ ִ.
, Ư ߱, Ǽ ϰ ִ. κ ó ȹ Ǽ ϰ , ̷ ̴. ӵǴ Ǽ ڷ¹ ϱ ٴ ٸ å ̸ κ ¾翡 dz¿ ߿ ġϰ ִ. ڷ ʿϴٸ װ ο ڷο Ѵ. (SMR) Ǵ ÷ ڷΰ ڷ 忡 ִ.
SMR() Ǵ ÷ ڷ
м е ˾ . ڷ, ڷ, ÷ ڷΰ Ư 踦 Ű ƴϸ ٸ ̿ ġ κ ִ. ⼭ ο ٸ 踦 , ǰ ְų ϼ ǹϴ ƴ϶ ̴.
SMR( ) ⡱̶ ̸ ü Ư¡ Ÿ ִ. ÷ ڷΡ ټ ȣϴ. Ģ ڷδ ÷̶ ֱ ̴. ó Ǽ ڷε ÷ ߴ 1980, 1990 Ŀ ̴. ư ڷδ ÷ ڷγ SMR ֿ ϳ Ǵ Ե ִ. Xe-100 ڷδ IAEA(ڷ±ⱸ) Ͽ SMR Ǿ ̱ (Department of Energy)κ 2020 8õ ÷ Ҵ.
2000 ʹ, 4 ٿ ýۿ , , Ӱɼ, Ȯ Ѽ о߿ ִ . 4 ڷδ ͵ ְ ū ͵ ִ. ڷ ũ 4 ٿ ý Ư SMR ÷ ڷο Ǿ.
̹ ǿ ִ Ư¡ غ̴. ο ٿ 2000 κп ۵Ǿ. ȭ ǥ 2020~2030 ̷ Ͽ. ǥ Ȱ, 2045 ο ǥ Ͽ.
ǥ ̷ ο ý ʿ ذ ʾƼ, ̸ ÷ ڷΡ 谡 ҿ ¿ ̴. 2015 ڷ IRSN ڷ 踦 SFR(Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor) ý۸ ϰ 21 ݱ ȿ 4 ڷο ȣȯ Ǵ ؿ ̸ٰ GIF(4 ڷ ) ȴ. ǥ ʿϴ.
21 ݱ ĺȭ ߿ εǰ ִ. IPCC(ĺȭ ΰ г) ȯⱸ ĺȭ ذϱ Ͽ ſ ߽ ϰ ִ. ݱ ϰ 4 SFR ϰ ϸ .
ٽ SMR ư . ̸ ֵ, SMR ݱ ڷο 300ްƮ Ϸ Ǿ ڷ Ѵ. ̶ 쿡 ū ڷθ ϴ ڷη üѴٴ ǰ ִ. ̶ ٸ ǹ̴ ū ڷθ Ǽϴ ſ 忡 ǰ ڷθ Ѵٴ ̴.
Small Modular ڷ Ư¡ Ÿ ̴. پ , , ð ִ. ΰ پ Ŀ ũⰡ ȴ.
ҿ ȿ
ڷδ ڵ ˰ ִ Ը Ǵ δ. ڷθ ũ Ҽ ްƮ . ̰ 0.6 ٸ ں õ п ־ Ϲ Ģ ݿѴ. ij ǿ 0.6 0.55 ϴµ, ٸ ٸ ϱ Ѵ. 1 ̶ ʴ´. Ը S1, S2 ̰ ں K1, K2 ̸ μ 0.6 ϸ 谡 Ѵ.
ٸ ϴٸ 200ްƮ ɷ SMR 1000ްƮ Ǽϴµ 40% ʿ Ѵ. 20% Ѵ. Ƿ 200 ްƮ SMR ްƮ ϴ 1000ްƮ 忡 ؼ 谡 . SMR(ڷ) Ը Ģ Ǿ ū ڷο ްƮ . ̷ ε ڷδ ۿ .
÷ ڷδ ڷο 谡 ٸ Ը Ģ ʴ´ٰ ϴ ִ. , Ը ս Ѵٴ Ϲ Ģ ڷο ؼ ȿϴٰ .
ư ̿ ǿ ϰ Ǵ Ͱ ִ. ù ° ο Ŀ ϱ Ǽ Ⱓ ġ и ʾƼ, ο ϴ ڴ ʱ Ĺڿ ؼ ξ ̶ ̴. ° ο ǰ ۵ϵ ý Ͽ ؾ ϹǷ ƹ ̴. Ը ֱ ؼ . NuScale SMR ߿ ̱ δ 3.14 鿴 2020 3 ü 9.57 . Ǽ ؼ ߰ 5£ 7 ̴. ü 15 鿩 Ϲ ڷ ڷθ Ͽ.
÷ ڷο SMR ڵ鿡 ǰ ִ Ϻ Ǽ εDZ ξ ̴. ϰ ̴ ̴. ڼ ʾ , ڷ ̶ 迡 ûϴ ̴.
н ΰ?
ڷ(SMR) ڵ ο ڷθ ϴ н, 뷮 Ը Ģ ִٰ Ѵ. ⼭ н̶ ڷ Ǽ þ鼭 Ų. н 귮 Ͼ % ȭȴ.
SMR н Ѵ. н 츮 ˰ ִ°? 21 ī ̱ ڷ ̷ н 3~10% ̶ ִ. н ִ 10% Ѵٰ ص ٸ ϸ ̴.
ư ڷ ῡ ϴ ᰡ ҷ SMR õ ؾ ȴ. ó SMR 䰡 ʴ. ü ٸ ϰ, ڷ¹ҿ ؼ SMR . SMR 뿡 н ȿ Ը Ұ ʴ.
SMR н ȿ ӵDZ ؼ 뷮 Ǽ ΰ ǥع ʿ . ռ ٿ , 뷫 70 ߵǰ ִ ̴. ϰ ǥ ϴ .
ڷ , ݵ ڷΰ Ǽǰ ִ. SMR ÷ ڷδ پ ְ ƴ ô ϰ ִ. پϸ ǥȭ ʴ´.
ҿ ̴. , ڷ ̳ʽ н ϴ. ū ڷθ , ̱ ߿ ڷΰ ͺ . ̷ ȴٸ ڷδ 鿡 ڷ Ǽ ̴.
Ǽ Ǵ°?
տ ߵ, SMR ڴ Ǽ ߿伺 Ѵ. ̱ ڷ ǰ ٸ 忡 Ͽ ϸ پ ̴. ̰ ó ü, Ǽ ̴. ڷ Ǽ ѵ ̷ , Ư Westinghouse , õ Ǿ.
Westinghouse ī ȭ AP1000 ڷθ ϸ鼭 ̷ Ͽ, ڷδ Ǽ Ͽ. ̱ ߱ AP1000 ڷ Ǽ , ٸ о߿ʹ ణ , ־. ſ ߿ϰԵ, ڷδ ʱ ָ ߴ. ȸ ȸ Vogtle ϴ 籹 Wall Street Journal ۿ Ǽ ȸ簡 ذå ߴ. ߴ.
Ǽ ڷ ϴ ߿ ôμ ۿ ϴ Ǽ Ⱓ̴. ڷθ Ǽϴµ ɸ ð 뷫 10̴. ڷ ڵ ð ξ ִٰ Ѵ. 2014 Westinghouse åڴ AP1000 ù Ḧ ž 36 ɷ ð ִ١ ߴ. ߱ Haiyang Ǽ ۺ ȭDZ 9 ɷȴ. Ǽ ߴ ͺ ξ ߴ. ̱ Ǽ AP1000 ڷδ ǰ ִ.
AP1000 ڷΰ ʴ ƴϴ. ڷ Ǽ ð ª ־ Դ. Ǽ 180 ߿ 175 ʱ 꿡 117% ʰߴٴ ִ. Ǽ Ⱓ 64% ʰϿ. Ǽ ä AP1000 ڷδ ̷ Ͽ ܰ ִٴ ΰ? AP1000 ڷδ ̷ ʸ ߰ ̴.
ڷ ð ʰ ް ִ. ȹ þ KLT-40S ó ߴ 4 Ⱓ ɷȴ. 2006 ó Ǽ Ⱓ 3 δ 12 Ѱ ɷȴ. 4質 . KLT-40S ִ ̻ .
SMR ÷ ڷο Ͽ ɸ, ڵ å Ծڵ ̲ ٸ . 忡 ̵鿡 캸.
÷ ڷδ ȹ â Ѱ?
ΰ SMR ؾ ϴ ϰ Ǵ ϳ SMR ڰ â ̲ٴ ̴. SMR â ϴ ̴.
â ̴. ¥ ݾ ٸ SMR â Ĵ ̴.
SMR ġ ŭ ǹ ִ ° ʾƼ Ȯ Ͱ Ǵ ¾翡 dz¿ â ɷºٴ Ȯ .
÷ ڷο âǴ ڿ ġ ſ Ͽϴ. ̴µ ǥ ΰ ִ. ֳϸ ڷ ַ ̱ ̴. ڷ ڵȭϰų ּ ηθ ϴ ǥ Ѵ. Ƿ ٸ 꿡 ־ η ҿ䰡 ȴ.
ݴ, ڷ η ӱ ڷ . ̱ Oklo ڷ ڴ 1.5 MW 뿡 ؼ η ִ, 15 ð ϰ Ǵ ڸ ߴ. ʾҴ. ̱ 뵿û ڷῡ , 2019 η 85,950 ̾. (120,000 Ѵ õ ڷ ƴ ó Ի ӱ ָ϶.) Ҹ Ͽ Oklo ڷο ⸦ 90% ްƮ ð 109 ̴. װ 䳪 · ȭ 귮 ȭ ִٴ Ͽ ̴. ٽ ؼ ڷο ں 0 ̶ ĵ Oklo ڷο ⸦ ϴ ¾翡 dz¿ 3谡 ȴ. ̰ 븸 ̸ й迡 ؾ ü ִ.
¾ dz¿ ̹Ƿ Oklo ڷΰ Ǽ ̸ ̴. ̷ ū ̴ ¾ dz¿ Ŀ ϰ ϴ Ѵ ص ξ ȴ. Ͽ Oklo ڷθ ǼϷ ᱹ κ ۿ . ֻ Ұ ڷιۿ Ǽ ̰ ȿ ̹ ̴.
SMR
ȭ 귮 ϴ ɷ (Load Following)̴. SMR ȣڵ SMR ó ð ϴٰ Ѵ. dz̳ ¾翡 ü 귮 ȭ ū SMR ü 绡 ó ִٰ Ѵ. ɷ ܵ ܵ SMR ġϴ ū ش.
ִ , ϴٰ ص Ѱ谡 Դ. , ߰ ٽ ϸ ⷮ ȭŰ ٸ Ŀ ڷ , Ư ð ڷο, ξ ư ִ.
ްϰ µ ȭ ٿ ݼ ܰ ȣۿ ð ܰ ıŰ ִ. Ƿ µ ȭ ڷ ̰ ų ִ.
̷ ڷ ڴ Ư ֵ Ѵ. ٱδ 1 1~5ۼƮ Ѵ. 1 3~5% Ϸ 50~100% ̿ ϵ Ǿִ. 귮 ϴ dz̳ ¾翡 ȭ ŭ ȯ Ұϱ ̴.
ϴٰ ص δ ڷ . ڷ Ҵ ſ . Ƿ ڱݾ ̱ ؼ ɷ ִ Ͽ ؼ Ѵ. , ȭ¹̳ ʱ ں 䰡 ְ Ǵ . 忡 ڷθ ϴ ̿ ߴ ǰ ̷ ϸ ᰡ Ѵ.
带 ȰϿ ٸ ɿ յ ڷ¹ м ϴ 90~95% ̿ . ̿ Ѵٸ ð ųοƮ 꿡 Ƿ ü ̴. NuScale SMR ̿ 95% 75% پٸ 20% ö ̴. SMR ټ ٴ غ , ¼ űμ äõDZ ̴.
ڷ ȣڵ ⸦ ϴµ ̿ ȭ Ǵ ٸ ȴٰ Ѵ. ϴ 鿡 ȵDZ Ѵ. κ SMR ־, Ҵ ɿ , ⸦ ̿Ͽ ϸ鼭 .
ū ɿ ϶ϰ ִ ݸ, ٿ(Ư SMR) û ϴ ̴. ξϸ ¾翡 dz¿ ؼ ߰ 뵵 뵵 ݸ Ѱ ο ٰ ִ. ð ʴ SMR̳ ÷ ڷδ ظ ȿ ̿ . ռ ٿ μ ̻ ǹִ м ϴ Ұϰ غ Ǿ ʴ.
SMR ɰ ɼ ߰ ̸ Ȯ ϰ ֳ?
SMR ȣڵ SMR ÷ ڷΰ Ű ̸ Ȯ ϴٰ Ѵ. 츮 Ǽ ϱ , SMR ÷ ڷε鵵 ǥ οʹ ణ ٸ ص ̷ ִٴ ؾ Ѵ. Ƿ SMR̳ ÷ ڷθ Ǽ ùε ̷ 迡 ִ.
SMR ÷ ڷδ 谡 ֱ ϹȭϿ ϱ ƴ. ڷ ٰ SMR ̴ ϴ. ݸ鿡 ٰ SMR ´. δ ο ϸ Ȯ 輺 .
( ڷ SMR SMR ̴ ̴. ڴ Ҹ ִȭ Ű ݸ ڴ Ҹ ּȭ Ų. ڷ Ը Ҹ δ. ֳϸ ū ο δ ߽ɺθ ϴ ڰ ̴.)
絵 մ Ǵ ƴϴ. Ĺ ũ Ѵ. ٰ ӿڷο ٸ SMR νļ ȭ ܵ Ǵ ִ. Ƿ ٸ SMR ٷ ǰ Ŀ ó ʿϴ. SMR ÷ ڷδ ó ʿ ÷䴽 ᰡ ȴ. ٿḦ óϴ ִ.
迡 ڸ, ٸ ϴٸ ڷΰ ϴ. ֳĸ Ǵ ̴. . ڷδ Ϲ ݽü ̿Ͽ ߱ Ͽ ҿ ڷθ ǼϷ Ѵ. , NuScale Ҹ 12 ڷθ Ǽ ϰ ִ. ҿ ڷθ ǹ ٸ ų ٸ ǹ ̸ ġ ϴ ư ü Ų. ̴ ڷο ġ Ϲ Ѵٸ ÿ ų ɼ ִ. ڷθ ÷ ڷ ڷο ϴ ɰ ȴ.
Ϲȭ ڸ, SMR Ư¡ ÿ ذ ٴ ̴. ü ڸ, SMR ÷ ڷδ ϳ ذ ̸, 迡 ϳ ذϸ ٸ ϳ ٴ ̴. ̴ ִٸ 輺 Ŀ ȴ.
SMR ϳ?
ݱ SMR ϴ. þƿ ߵ KLT-40S, ߱ HTR-PM, ѱ SMART ã ϰ ִ. ̱ NuScale ڷ õ ù ° SMR Ʈ û ȸ Բ ̶ ϰ ִ. ߵ SMR Ϸ . 丣, , εþ SMR ŷϿ ʾҴ.
ȸ ָ ٸ ¸ ſ Ұ ⸦ ϴ ź ƴ̶ ſ ̴. ´ ó Ǹ ʴ SMR ڰ ڷθ Ѵٰ . ī ̷ ʿ ϴµ, ѷ SMR ڷθ Ǽϴ ּ 亸 ξ ǸǾ. Դٰ Ͽ ⸦ ִ.
ƴ, ڷ ̾ , Ǵ ߵ SMR ÷ ڷ Ǽ 䰡 ̰ ֿ ȴ. SMR ڴ ڴ Ը ū ־ Ǽ Ѵ. ߴ. ٸ SMR ȹ ΰ ް ΰ Ѵ. ٸ Ը ̴.
Ǵ ÷ ڷΰ ڷ ̶ DZ δ. ÷ ڷ ȭDZ غ ó δ. ڷδ 귮 ϴ ƴϱ ڷκ ϴ. SMR , , ȭ ص ÷ ڷδ 鿡 ʴ. ȣڵ Ǫ ٸ ɼ ϰ ִ.
SMR ڵ ڷ ȭ ϴ ư Ǿ. ̷ ó Ư ó ϴ ϰ ν̷ Ͽ δ.
, 䰡 SMR ÷ ڷθ 뷮 å ʴ. ̷ ̸ ľ Economist 21Ⱑ ۵Ǵ Ͽ. ʱ ٹ ڷ ʹ μ 跮ϱⰡ ƴٰ δ ʹ μ 跮 ٰ .
: ̻( , ȯ)
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